牛群瘤胃酸中毒 ─ 風險因子Rumen acidosis in a herd – risk factors

p  攝取大量的高溶性碳水化合物Ingestion of large amounts of highly soluble CHO

p  低纖維飼料Low fibre diets

p  小麥、小黑麥和大麥是高風險穀物Wheat, triticale and barley are high risk grains

p  副產品澱粉含量高(馬鈴薯、麵包、水果等) By-products high in starch (potatoes, bread, fruit etc)

p  糖蜜含量高High levels of molasses

p  多汁、改良牧草(青貯)，含高可溶性糖類和低有效纖維。如紫花苜蓿Lush, improved pastures (green chop), high in soluble sugars and low in effective fibre eg alfalfa

p  緩衝不足的玉米青貯料Corn silage diets with insufficient buffering

p  吃高澱粉飼料的牛隻，突然停止餵飼瘤胃緩衝劑/修正劑Sudden stop in feeding of rumen buffers/ modifiers on high starch diets

增加發酵性碳水化合物INCREASE IN FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATES

牛群瘤胃酸中毒 ─ 臨床症狀Rumen acidosis in a herd – clinical signs

p  失重，不健康生長Weight loss, ill thrift

p  產乳量低Low milk production

p  乳脂肪：蛋白質的比例(應>1.2：1) Low milk fat: protein ratio (should be > 1.2:1)

p  跛腳Laminitis/ lameness

p  腹瀉Scouring

牛群瘤胃酸中毒 ─ 診斷Rumen acidosis in a herd – diagnosis

p  觀察─糞便的變化Observation – faecal changes

p  觀察─蹄部的變化Observation – hoof changes

   ‧油刷樣出血Subsolar (paint brush) haemorrhages

   ‧體態差Poverty lines

   ‧跛腳Laminitis

p  瘤胃酸鹼值Rumen pH

p  反芻咀嚼Cud chewing

p  乳脂率低或下降Low or falling milk fat%

牛群瘤胃酸中毒 ─ 預防Rumen acidosis in a herd – prevention

p  細心逐步讓牛適應精料Careful adaption to grain diets in a stepwise manner

p  避免牛隻暴食行為Prevent engorgement

p  提供足夠的有效纖維Provide adequate effective fibre

p  緩衝劑/中和劑(尤其是餵飼玉米青貯料) Buffers/ neutralising agents (especially on corn silage diets)

p  餵飼抗生素(需要時) Feed antibiotics (if available)

p  氫離子劑Ionophores