山羊下痢病因診斷 Diagnosis of cause of diarrhoea in goats
o 許多原因會造成山羊下痢 Many causes of diarrhoea in goats
o 通常為寄生性腸胃炎 Parasitic gastroenteritis is very common
o 當山羊大於4週齡 ,可優先考慮寄生蟲感染 Rule parasites out first, as a cause of diarrhoea in goats >4 weeks old
o 當山羊小於4週齡,優先考慮新生仔羊下痢症 Rule out causes of neonatal diarrhoea in kids <4 weeks old
飼養過程 History
o 畜群下痢比例 How many (% of herd) have diarrhoea?
o 其他臨床症狀 Other clinical signs?
o 日齡與性別影響?仔羊或成羊Age and sex affected? Kids, adults?
o 是否有動物死亡?幾頭死亡? Have any goats died? How many?
o 近期是否改變飼養管理方式 Any management changes made recently?
o 羊採食的飼料或牧草為何? What are the goats eating/grazing?
o 是否誤食有毒或有害植物?Access to any poisons/poisonous plants?
o 最後一次投藥驅蟲為何時?When was the last anthelmintic drench given?
o 投予驅蟲藥為何種類型?What product/drench was given?
o 投藥劑量是否正確?How was the dose calculated?
o 投藥驅蟲後動物圈養的場所?Where were the goats put following drenching?
臨床症狀 Clinical findings
o 全身性疾病? Systemic disease?
o 精神不濟?停止採食? Depression? Not eating?
o 腹部疼痛? Abdominal pain?
o 失重?生長不良? Weight loss? Ill-thrift?
o 脫水?評估嚴重程度 Dehydration? Assess severity
o 鄂下水腫如瓶狀顎? Submandibular oedema "bottle jaw"?
o 尾巴沾黏糞便? Faeces stuck to the tail?
o 黏膜蒼白? Pale mucous membranes?
o 糞便外觀?顏色變化?是否血便? Appearance of faeces? Colour? Blood in faeces?

採樣 Samples
o 病羊需採樣並經由檢驗室確認病因Need laboratory tests on samples taken from affected goats to confirm a diagnosis
o 動物經治療後有好轉表示診斷正確Response to treatment indicates correct diagnosis
樣品最低需求量 Dminimum samples
o 採集10頭以上的山羊糞便(20g/頭或10至15粒糞便) Faeces from 10 goats (20g/animal or 10 to 15 pellets)
l 使用無菌塑膠容器 Use sterile plastic containers
l 無菌塑膠袋於標示後需排除空氣及密封以避免蟲卵孵化
l If using plastic bags, exclude air to inhibit hatching of parasite larvae, label, seal bags
l 若無法於12小時內送達檢驗室,樣品需冷藏
l Refrigerate if not being submitted to laboratory within 12 hours of collection
l 需於48小時內送達檢驗室
l Submit to laboratory within 48 hours of collection
o 使用含抗凝血劑採血管收集血液,做血檢 Blood in EDTA for haemogram
基本檢驗需求 Minimum tests to request
o 糞便蟲卵計數、孵化與鑑別品種Faecal egg counts, larval culture and identification
o 糞便抹片-鑑識球蟲、隱胞子蟲或梨型鞭毛蟲Faecal smears - examination for coccidia, cryptosporidia, giardia
o 細菌培養-大腸桿菌、沙門氏菌、產氣莢膜菌Bacterial culture – E coli, Salmonella spp, Clostridial spp
o 檢測輪狀病毒(電子顯微鏡) Tests for Rotavirus (Electron Microscopy)
o 血紅素與血容積比(貧血) Hb and PCV (anaemia)
進階檢驗 More tests
o 檢驗結果可顯示是否需再作額外檢驗之項目Test results may indicate more tests need to be done eg.
l 抗驅蟲藥性測試 A drench resistance test
Ø 總寄生蟲計數 Total worm count
ü 採集結紮的皺胃與小腸,標示並冷藏Tie off abomasum, small intestine, label and chill
Ø 微生物監測 Microbiology
ü 採集結紮後的上、中、下段小腸與結腸 Tied off portions of upper, middle, lower small intestine, colon
ü 各部位至於單獨無菌容器標示並冷藏 Place samples in a separate sterile container, label, chill
l 剖檢或採樣 Necropsy and samples collected for:
ü 迴盲、腸系膜淋巴結 Ileocaecal, mesenteric lymph nodes
ü 由盲腸和結腸採集糞便抹片 Faecal smears from mucosa of caecum and colon
ü 對皺胃、十二指腸、空腸、迴腸、盲腸、結腸或任何病變部位製作組織切片 Histopathology-fixed abomasum, duodenum, jejenum, ileum, caecum, colon, and any organs with lesions